{"id":10881,"date":"2023-08-21T07:07:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-21T07:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.demirelhukukvedanismanlik.com\/amme-alacaklarinin-tahsili-davalari-2\/"},"modified":"2024-07-30T21:29:31","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T21:29:31","slug":"hatali-tibbi-uygulama-malpraktis-davalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.demirelhukukvedanismanlik.com\/en\/hatali-tibbi-uygulama-malpraktis-davalari\/","title":{"rendered":"Hatal\u0131 T\u0131bbi Uygulama (Malpraktis) Davalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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HATALI TIBB\u0130 UYGULAMA (MALPRAKT\u0130S) DAVALARI<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinde m\u00fcdahaleyi yapan kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin kusurlu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6ncelikle Anayasan\u0131n 125. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ve 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130dari Yarg\u0131lama Usul\u00fc Kanunu\u2019nun 13. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda maddi ve manevi tazminat talep edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>

Bu kapsamda ilk \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken hatal\u0131 uygulama nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zarar\u0131n tespitinden itibaren 1 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde idareye ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

\u0130darenin 30 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde verece\u011fi cevap \u00fczerine de 60 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde idari yarg\u0131da dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

MEVZUAT <\/strong><\/p>

Anayasam\u0131z\u0131n 125\u2019inci maddesinde idarenin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc eylem ve i\u015flemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 yarg\u0131 yolunun a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu belirtildikten sonra maddenin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda idarenin kendi eylem ve i\u015flemlerinden do\u011fan zarar\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Madde metninde sorumluluk i\u00e7in kusur \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Madde metninin emredici niteli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, idarenin i\u015flem veya eylemleri sonucu bir zarar olu\u015fmu\u015fsa, bu zarar\u0131n kusurun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n tazmini gerekmektedir. Yarg\u0131 mercilerinin sorumlulu\u011fun kusur veya kusursuz sorumlulu\u011fa dayal\u0131 olarak belirlemesi hali, olay\u0131n hukuki nitelendirilmesine ili\u015fkindir. Nitekim idari yarg\u0131 i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131yla da idarenin kusura dayal\u0131 sorumlulu\u011funun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kusursuz sorumlu olabilece\u011fi haller de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>

Anayasan\u0131n bu amir h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca idare, hukuka uygun ve kusursuz olarak y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir kamu hizmetinden dolay\u0131 da sorumlu olabilmektedir. Sorumluluk hukukunun temel ilkelerinden olan “zarar veren kusursuz ise zarar g\u00f6ren ondan daha fazla kusursuzdur” ilkesinden hareketle, idarenin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonucu bir zarar do\u011fmas\u0131 halinde bu zarar\u0131n idare taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 icap etmektedir. \u0130darenin kusursuz olmas\u0131 zarardan mutlak anlamda sorumlu olmayaca\u011f\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim kamu k\u00fclfetleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda e\u015fitlik ilkesi ve risk ilkesi uyar\u0131nca idarenin hukuka uygun eylem veya i\u015flemlerinden dolay\u0131 sorumlulu\u011funa gidilebilmektedir.<\/p>

Dan\u0131\u015ftay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti, \u00f6zellikle tedavi hizmetleri b\u00fcnyesinde risk bar\u0131nd\u0131ran yar\u0131 kamusal nitelikteki idari faaliyetlerden olup, bu hizmet \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan da sunulmaktad\u0131r. \u0130dare ajanlar\u0131nca her t\u00fcrl\u00fc dikkat ve \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilse dahi sunulan hizmet sonucunda \u00f6zellikle v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin zararlar olu\u015fabilmektedir.<\/p>

Tehlikeli i\u015flerden kaynakl\u0131 kusursuz sorumlulu\u011fa ili\u015fkin idari yarg\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda, fiil ile zarar aras\u0131nda uygun bir illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mevcudiyeti yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte, hatta ter\u00f6r olaylar\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 sorumluluk hallerinde bu ba\u011f dahi aranmayabilmektedir. \u0130dari yarg\u0131 mercilerinin bu i\u00e7tihad\u0131na benzer bir d\u00fczenleme de, \u00f6zel hukuk ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenleyen temel kanunlar\u0131m\u0131zdan olan T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 71\u2019inci maddesi ile getirilmi\u015ftir. Maddeye g\u00f6re bir i\u015fletmenin, mahiyeti veya faaliyette kullan\u0131lan malzeme, ara\u00e7lar ya da g\u00fc\u00e7ler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutuldu\u011funda, uzman bir ki\u015fiden beklenen t\u00fcm \u00f6zenin g\u00f6sterilmesi durumunda bile s\u0131k\u00e7a veya a\u011f\u0131r zararlar do\u011furmaya elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131l\u0131rsa bu i\u015fletmenin \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tehlike arzeden bir i\u015fletme olarak kabul edilece\u011fi ve faaliyetinden do\u011fan zarar\u0131n kusursuz dahi olsa tazmin edilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 2. maddesinin devlete y\u00fckledi\u011fi pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler, devlet taraf\u0131ndan, \u00f6zel ya da kamu hastanelerine hastalar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak nitelikteki tedbirleri alma zorunlulu\u011fu getiren yasal ve d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evenin konulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, hastalar\u0131, t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalelerin bu ba\u011flamda meydana getirebilece\u011fi a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lardan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabildi\u011fince koruma gereklili\u011fine dayanmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle taraf devletler, bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck uyar\u0131nca, hekimlerin, uygulanmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalenin hastalar\u0131n fiziksel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ilgili olarak meydana getirebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir sonu\u00e7lar hakk\u0131nda sorgulanmalar\u0131 ve hastalar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatarak, r\u0131za g\u00f6stermelerini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde kendilerini bu t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nceden bilgilendirmeleri amac\u0131yla gereken d\u00fczenleyici yasal tedbirleri almakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler(Codarcea\/Romanya, No. 31675\/04, 2 Haziran 2009).<\/p>

Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San’atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair 11 Nisan 1928 tarihli ve 1219 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 70. maddesinde “Tabipler, di\u015f tabipleri ve di\u015f\u00e7iler yapacaklar\u0131 her nevi ameliye i\u00e7in hastan\u0131n, hasta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya taht\u0131 hacirde ise veli veya vasisinin evvelemirde muvafakat\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck ameliyei cerrahiyeler i\u00e7in bu muvafakatin tahriri olmas\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r. (Veli veya vasisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u00fczerinde ameliye yap\u0131lacak \u015fah\u0131s ifadeye muktedir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde muvafakat \u015fart de\u011fildir.) Hilaf\u0131nda hareket edenlere ikiy\u00fczelli T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 idar\u00ee para cezas\u0131 verilir.” h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

5013 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile kabul edilerek y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren “Biyoloji ve T\u0131bb\u0131n Uygulanmas\u0131 Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve \u0130nsan Haysiyetinin Korunmas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Biyot\u0131p S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi)”nin “Konu ve Ama\u00e7\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 1. maddesinde; \u201cBu s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin taraflar\u0131, t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n haysiyetini ve kimli\u011fini koruyacak ve biyoloji ve t\u0131bb\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda, ay\u0131r\u0131m yapmadan herkesin, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve di\u011fer hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.\u201d 4. maddesinde, \u201cMesleki Standartlar” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda; \u201cAra\u015ft\u0131rma dahil, sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda herhangi bir m\u00fcdahalenin, ilgili mesleki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler ve standartlara uygun olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.\u201d denilmektedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme i\u00e7 hukukumuzun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu durumda, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalenin mesleki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler ve standartlara uygun olmas\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer yandan, Biyot\u0131p S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 5. maddesinde \u201cR\u0131za\u201d konusu d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve \u201cSa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda herhangi bir m\u00fcdahale, ilgili ki\u015finin bu m\u00fcdahaleye \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ve bilgilendirilmi\u015f bir \u015fekilde muvafakat etmesinden sonra yap\u0131labilir. Bu ki\u015fiye, \u00f6nceden, m\u00fcdahalenin amac\u0131 ve niteli\u011fi ile sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve tehlikeleri hakk\u0131nda uygun bilgiler verilecektir. \u0130lgili ki\u015fi muvafakat\u0131n\u0131 her zaman serbest\u00e7e geri alabilecektir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesiyle r\u0131zan\u0131n kapsam\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Hekimlik Meslek Eti\u011fi Kurallar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 26. maddesinde ise \u201cHekim hastas\u0131n\u0131, hastan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu ve konulan tan\u0131, \u00f6nerilen tedavi y\u00f6nteminin t\u00fcr\u00fc, ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131 ve s\u00fcresi, tedavi y\u00f6nteminin hastan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskler, verilen ila\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve olas\u0131 yan etkileri, hastan\u0131n \u00f6nerilen tedaviyi kabul etmemesi durumunda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yarataca\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar, olas\u0131 tedavi se\u00e7enekleri ve riskleri konular\u0131nda ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r. Yap\u0131lacak ayd\u0131nlatma hastan\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, toplumsal ve ruhsal durumuna \u00f6zen g\u00f6steren bir uygunlukta olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bilgiler hasta taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131labilecek bi\u00e7imde verilmelidir. Hastan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bilgilendirilecek ki\u015fileri, hasta kendisi belirler. Sa\u011fl\u0131kla ilgili her t\u00fcrl\u00fc giri\u015fim, ki\u015finin \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onam\u0131 ile yap\u0131labilir. Al\u0131nan onam, bask\u0131, tehdit, eksik ayd\u0131nlatma ya da kand\u0131rma yoluyla al\u0131nd\u0131ysa ge\u00e7ersizdir. Acil durumlar ile, hastan\u0131n re\u015fit olmamas\u0131 veya bilincinin kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu ya da karar veremeyece\u011fi durumlarda yasal temsilcisinin\u00a0izni\u00a0al\u0131n\u0131r.” denilmektedir.<\/p>

01.08.1998 tarihli Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Hasta Haklar\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’nin 08.05.2014 tarihli de\u011fi\u015fiklikten \u00f6nceki haliyle 15. maddesinde, \u201cHasta; sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunu, kendisine uygulanacak t\u0131bbi i\u015flemleri, bunlar\u0131n faydalar\u0131 ve muhtemel sak\u0131ncalar\u0131, alternatif t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale usulleri, tedavinin kabul edilmemesi halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek muhtemel sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n seyri ve neticeleri konusunda s\u00f6zl\u00fc veya yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bilgi istemek hakk\u0131na sahiptir.”, 22. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda, \u201cKanunda g\u00f6sterilen istisnalar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, kimse, r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve verdi\u011fi r\u0131zaya uygun olmayan bir \u015fekilde t\u0131bbi ameliyeye tabi tutulamaz.”, \u201cR\u0131zan\u0131n Kapsam\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131, 31. maddesinde de \u201cR\u0131za al\u0131n\u0131rken hastan\u0131n veya kanuni temsilcisinin t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalenin konusu ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirilip ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 esast\u0131r. Hastan\u0131n, uygulanacak t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi r\u0131za, bu m\u00fcdahalenin gerektirdi\u011fi sair t\u0131bbi i\u015flemleri de kapsar. Ancak, t\u0131bbi i\u015flemlerin uygulanmas\u0131nda, bu Y\u00f6netmelik’te ve di\u011fer mevzuatta belirlenen haklar\u0131n ihlal edilmemesi i\u00e7in azami ihtimam g\u00f6sterilir.\u201d d\u00fczenlemeleri yer al\u0131r.<\/p>

An\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeler \u00f6zetle, herhangi bir t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahaleye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce ki\u015filerin yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemlerle ilgili riskleriyle birlikte ayd\u0131nlat\u0131larak r\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>

Hatal\u0131 T\u0131bbi Uygulama (Malpraktis);<\/strong><\/p>

T\u00fcrk Tabipleri Birli\u011fi Hekimlik Meslek Eti\u011fi Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n 13. maddesinde, t\u0131bbi hata tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. T\u0131p biliminin standartlar\u0131na ve tecr\u00fcbelere g\u00f6re gerekli olan \u00f6zenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu nedenle de olaya uygun g\u00f6z\u00fckmeyen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hekim m\u00fcdahalesi uygulama hatas\u0131 (malpraktis) olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle, hastan\u0131n tan\u0131 ve tedavisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda standart uygulaman\u0131n yap\u0131lmamas\u0131, bilgi ve beceri eksikli\u011fi, hastaya uygun tedavi uygulanmamas\u0131; t\u0131bbi hata olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Bu noktada hatal\u0131 t\u0131bbi uygulama sonucu do\u011facak sorumluluk ” kusura dayal\u0131 genel sorumluluk”tur. Hekimin hukuksal sorumlulu\u011fu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc; tecr\u00fcbeli bir uzman hekim standard\u0131d\u0131r. Hekim, objektif olarak olaylar\u0131n normal geli\u015fimine ve subjektif olarak da kendi ki\u015fisel tecr\u00fcbesine, ki\u015fisel yetene\u011fine, bireysel mesleki bilgisine, e\u011fitiminin nitelik ve derecesine g\u00f6re, hastan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir zarar gelmesini \u00f6nceden g\u00f6rebilecek durumda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu halde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Hekimin \u00f6zen y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali, \u00fc\u00e7 alanda yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r; birincisi, hastan\u0131n tedavisinde yani te\u015fhis, endikasyon, t\u0131bbi tedbirin se\u00e7imi, bu tedbirin uygulanmas\u0131, tedavi yahut cerrahi giri\u015fim sonras\u0131 bak\u0131m alan\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, hastan\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve anamnez al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, klinik organizasyonu alan\u0131nda (personelin niteli\u011fi, yeterli say\u0131da personel bulundurulmas\u0131, hekimlerin birbiriyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi (Kons\u00fcltasyon)dir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 alandaki kusuru, s\u0131ras\u0131yla uygulama kusuru(tedavide hata), ayd\u0131nlatma kusuru ve organizasyon kusuru olarak de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 kusura “T\u0131bbi Uygulama Hatas\u0131” (Malpraktis) ad\u0131 verilmektedir.<\/p>

Bu noktada t\u0131bbi standart kavram\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirilmelidir. T\u0131bbi standart kavram\u0131 ile, t\u0131p ilminin genel olarak tan\u0131n\u0131p kabul edilmi\u015f meslek kurallar\u0131 kastedilmektedir. T\u0131bbi standart ihlali de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekillerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir; te\u015fhis, tedavi (endikasyon eksikli\u011fi, yanl\u0131\u015f tedavi y\u00f6nteminin se\u00e7imi) ve m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131 bak\u0131m y\u00f6netimi bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Komplikasyon;<\/strong><\/p>

Komplikasyon ise, t\u0131bbi giri\u015fim s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclse bile \u00f6nlenemeyen durum, istenmeyen sonu\u00e7tur; ancak bunun bilgi ve beceri eksikli\u011fi sonucu olmamas\u0131 gerekir. Bu tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re, hekimin t\u0131bben kabul etti\u011fi normal risk ve sapmalar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde davranarak gerekli dikkat ve \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermesine ra\u011fmen ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan istenmeyen sonu\u00e7lardan yasal olarak sorumlu olmayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Hasta t\u0131bbi uygulama s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda kusur olmadan da olu\u015fabilecek istenmeyen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, komplikasyonlar\u0131 bilirse ve uygulamaya onay verirse t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale hukuka uygun olur. Hastada olu\u015fan zararl\u0131 sonu\u00e7 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemiyor ve \u00f6nlenemiyorsa veya \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilse bile (hastan\u0131n yeterince ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, onay\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve uygulamada kusur olmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 ile) \u00f6nlenemiyorsa bu durumun komplikasyon olarak kabul\u00fc gerekmektedir. Yine bu noktada, t\u0131bbi standartlardan sap\u0131lmamas\u0131, mesleki tecr\u00fcbe kurallar\u0131na riayet edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Yine meydana gelen komplikasyon sonras\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te de uygulanan te\u015fhis ve tedavinin de t\u0131p kurallar\u0131na uygun olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu noktada komplikasyon sonras\u0131 y\u00f6netim s\u00fcreci de hizmet kusurunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etme ad\u0131na \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>

Anayasan\u0131n 17. maddesine g\u00f6re herkes; ya\u015fama, madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Devletin bu konuda pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130darenin, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin ki\u015fisel kusurundan sorumlu olabilmesi i\u00e7in, kamu g\u00f6revlisinin verdi\u011fi zarar, g\u00f6revi ile ilgili olmal\u0131 ve yetkisini kullanmas\u0131ndan do\u011fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasam\u0131z\u0131n 56. maddesinin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u201cDevlet, herkesin hayat\u0131n\u0131, beden ve ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flamak; insan ve madde g\u00fcc\u00fcnde tasarruf ve verimi artt\u0131rarak, i\u015fbirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tek elden planlay\u0131p hizmet vermesini d\u00fczenler.\u201d Ayn\u0131 maddenin 4. F\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re ise, \u201cDevlet, bu g\u00f6revini kamu ve \u00f6zel kesimlerdeki sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal yard\u0131m kurumlar\u0131ndan yararlanarak, onlar\u0131 denetleyerek yerine getirir.\u201d<\/p>

Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi Devlet\u2019e bir g\u00f6rev olarak y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olup, s\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6revin hi\u00e7 ya da gere\u011fi gibi yerine getirilmemesi yani, kusurlu bir \u015fekilde yerine getirilmesi Devletin hukuki sorumlulu\u011funa yol a\u00e7ar. Anayasan\u0131n 125. Maddesinde idarenin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc eylem ve i\u015flemlerinden do\u011fan zarar\u0131n Devlet taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>

Manevi tazminat, mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelen bir eksilmeyi kar\u015f\u0131lamaya y\u00f6nelik bir tazmin arac\u0131 de\u011fil, tatmin arac\u0131d\u0131r. Olay nedeniyle duyulan elem ve \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131 k\u0131smen de olsa hafifletmeyi ama\u00e7lar. Belirtilen niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi manevi tazminat\u0131n zenginle\u015fmeye yol a\u00e7mayacak \u015fekilde belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Manevi zarar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sadece \u015feref, haysiyet ve onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flem ve eylemlere ya da ki\u015filerin v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde meydana gelen sakatl\u0131k haline, \u00f6l\u00fcm nedeniyle a\u011f\u0131r bir elem, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc duyulmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmay\u0131p; idarenin y\u00fcr\u00fctmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu kamu hizmetini gere\u011fi gibi eksiksiz olarak sunamamas\u0131 nedeniyle ilgililerin yeterli hizmet alamamalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 duymalar\u0131 manevi zarar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve manevi tazminat\u0131n h\u00fckmedilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetinden yararlanan ki\u015filerin u\u011fram\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu zarar\u0131n tazmin edilebilmesi i\u00e7in idarenin ilgiliye y\u00f6nelik bir eyleminin (hizmetinin) olmas\u0131, bu eylemden dolay\u0131 zarara u\u011framas\u0131, eylem ile zarar aras\u0131nda illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, eylemde ve hizmetin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinde idarenin hizmet kusurunun bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>

\u0130dari eylem niteli\u011findeki hatal\u0131 ve yanl\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahale nedeniyle idarenin hizmet kusuru bulundu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz konularla ilgili dava ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi almak, dava s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinizi do\u011fru \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fctmek ve hukuki destek almak i\u00e7in uzman dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmetlerimizden yararlanabilirsiniz. Hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde do\u011fru ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmak ve haklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in profesyonel yard\u0131m almak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>

Detayl\u0131 bilgi ve hukuki destek i\u00e7in\u00a0Demirel Hukuk ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k<\/a>\u00a0ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HATALI TIBB\u0130 UYGULAMA (MALPRAKT\u0130S) DAVALARI Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinde m\u00fcdahaleyi yapan kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin kusurlu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6ncelikle Anayasan\u0131n 125. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ve 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130dari Yarg\u0131lama Usul\u00fc Kanunu\u2019nun 13. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda maddi ve manevi tazminat talep edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu kapsamda ilk \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken hatal\u0131 uygulama nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zarar\u0131n tespitinden itibaren 1 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde idareye ba\u015fvuru…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10883,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_joinchat":[]},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nHatal\u0131 T\u0131bbi Uygulama (Malpraktis) Davalar\u0131 - Demirel Hukuk ve Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k - Av.Hacer Perihan DEM\u0130REL \u015eanl\u0131urfa Sa\u011fl\u0131k Av.Hacer Perihan DEM\u0130REL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u015eanl\u0131urfa Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku avukat\u0131 Av. 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